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English linguists have developed a terminology that in several cases does not correspond the the one most frequently used in the description of classical languages and of the other modern European languages. Quite a few terms are "false friends", words that are similar to Italian terms but have a different meaning. This very short glossary lists the most important terms of this type and gives the most usual Italian translation for each of them.
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Accent |
Varietà regionale di pronuncia |
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Adverbial (of manner, place, time) |
Complemento (di modo, luogo, tempo) |
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Clause (main c., subordinate c.) |
Proposizione (principale, dipendente) |
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Complement (subject c., object c.) |
Predicativo (del soggetto, dell'oggetto) |
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Dialect |
Varietà diatopica, regioletto |
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Linking (verb) |
(Verbo) copulativo |
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Nominal |
Sintagma nominale |
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Phrase |
Sintagma |
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- noun phrase |
- sintagma nominale |
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- verb phrase |
- sintagma verbale |
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- prepositional phrase |
- sintagma preposizionale |
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Object |
(Complemento) oggetto |
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Sentence |
Frase |
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Voice (active, passive) [in syntax] |
Diatesi, forma (attiva, passiva) |
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Voice [in phonetics] |
Sonorità |
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- voiced, voiceless (consonant) |
- (consonante) sonora, sorda |
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
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A |
Adverbial |
Complemento |
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A/M |
Adverbial of manner |
Compl. di modo |
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A/P |
Adverbial of place |
Compl. di luogo |
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A/T |
Adverbial of time |
Compl. di tempo |
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Adv |
Adverb |
Avverbio |
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Ag |
Agent |
Complemento di agente |
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Aj |
Adjectival |
Sintagma aggettivale |
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Aux |
Auxiliary |
Ausiliare |
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C |
(in sintassi) Complement |
Predicativo |
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C |
(in fonologia) Consonant |
Consonante, contoide |
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ELT |
English Language Teaching |
Didattica dell'inglese |
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ESP |
English for Specific Purposes |
L'inglese "per scopi specifici", ossia scientifico-tecnico |
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Excl |
Exclamation/Exclamative |
Esclamazione/Esclamativo |
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freq |
frequency |
frequenza |
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io |
indirect object |
comp. oggetto indiretto |
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KP |
kernel pattern |
struttura nucleare (frase minima) |
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n. |
noun |
nome |
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N |
Nominal |
Sintagma nominale |
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NP |
noun phrase |
Sintagma nominale |
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O |
Object |
(Complemento) oggetto |
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oc |
object compement |
predicativo dell'oggetto |
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ov |
object of verb |
oggetto del verbo |
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rov |
retained object of verb |
Vedi § 1.1.2 (forme passive) |
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roc |
retained object complement |
Vedi § 1.1.2 (forme passive) |
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S |
Subject |
Soggetto |
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sc |
subject complement |
predicativo del soggetto |
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sv |
subject of verb |
soggetto del verbo |
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v. |
verb |
verbo |
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V |
(in phonology) Vowel |
Vocale, vocoide |
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V |
(in syntax) Verb |
Verbo |
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V-be |
be |
il verbo be |
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V-in |
Verb, intransitive |
Verbo intransitivo |
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V-L |
Verb, linking |
Verbo copulativo |
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V-P |
verb, passive |
verbo al passivo |
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V-tr |
Verb, transitive |
Verbo transitivo |
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VP |
Verb phrase |
Sintagma verbale |
In the analysis of verb forms:
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V (or Vø) |
The simple form of the verb (e.g.: play, take, do) |
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V-s |
The 3rd pers. sing. of the present (plays, takes, does) |
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V-ed |
The Simple Past form (played, took, did) |
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V-en |
The Past Participle form (played, taken, done) |
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V-ing |
The '-ing form' (playing, taking, doing) |
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to-V |
The infinitive (to play, to take, to do) |
N.B. The mark * has two different uses:
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